APPEARANCE vs. REALITY IN THE PRINCE AND HAMLET

3. Reality and appearances, or if you prefer, being and acting, are important themes for both Machiavelli and Shakespeare. Why? How do their perspectives on this subject agree or differ? APPEARANCE vs. REALITY IN THE PRINCE AND HAMLET One of the most fundamental questions in philosophy is the appearance vs. reality. We find ourselves asking the question of what is genuinely real, and what is viewed merely as just an appearance, and not real? It becomes difficult when we assume there is a difference in the two to determine which is which. Generally, what we label as real is regarded as external and eternal. What we refer to as just an appearance is regarded as temporary and internal. Many early as well as modern day authors use†¦show more content†¦Although he appears to be a confident father he does not trust his son to go away on his own. Furthermore, Polonius adds to the theme of appearance versus reality by ordering Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet. He lies to her by telling her that Hamlet does not love her, he only lusts for her. Two of Hamlets closest friends from his childhood Rosencrantz and Guildenstern can as well be viewed as liars who become very deceitful to Hamlet. After being asked by the king to find out what is bothering Hamlet, the two go to Hamlet pretending to see him as a friend, but are in reality just obeying the kings orders. When they ask what is troubling Hamlet, they become insincere, and almost sound as though they had rehearsed what it was they were going to say. Hamlet noticed that the boys were told to do this and states, A dream itself is but a shadow (Hamlet 73). Hamlet then realized that his own friend were not in reality any friends at all. The king again sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to apologize for their behavior but Hamlet noticed their intentions yet again and simply insulted them. Hamlets supposed friends greatly add to the theme of appearance vs. reality. The last character is Claudius, the brother of the deceased king, who was crowned the new king of Denmark is viewed as an honest and honorable man. As seen in a speech given by Claudius in the presence of the council in Act One Scene Two, heShow MoreRelatedGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pages(ESSAY) Content Page 1. Media a. New vs. Traditional b. New: narcissistic? c. Government Censorship d. Profit-driven Media e. Advertising f. Private life of public figures g. Celebrity as a role model h. Blame media for our problems i. Power + Responsibility of Media j. Media ethics k. New Media and Democracy 2. Science/Tech a. Science and Ethics b. Government and scientist role in science c. Rely too much on technology? d. Nuclear technology e. GeneticRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesyear if this had been a private sector Programme! 1. [pic] Anish Mathai Mathew [PMP|MBA] Temenos T24 PROGRAM MANAGER at Union National Bank @Karl: Thanks for your comment and the great example. Guess in that case you d agree that LUCK (no matter how small), does play a role ;) .... [Mathew@PM4K] @ http://www.anishmathaimathew.blogspot.com 2. [pic] Nico Viergever Independent Management Consulting Professional / Trainer PRINCE2

The Model Of Economic Growth - 1751 Words

‘The framework presented here is based on the notion of population increase’ (Bucci 2009) with attention to the solow model and the AK model of economic growth. The differences and similarities in these growth models will be critically assessed with the use of empirical evidence to explain the real world economic growth patterns. The solow model is ‘a theory that analyses growth as being driven by exogenous technological change and the accumulation of factors of production’ (burdawyplosz 2013 p561). ‘The AK model is an endogenous growth model it explains the sustainable by exogenous technological advances . It tracks down the sources of economic growth to the accumulation of factors of production with particular emphasis on knowledge.’ (Burda 2013 p551). Economic growth on the other hand refers to the ‘increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services.’ It can be measured in nominal terms, which include inflation, or in real terms, which are adjusted for inflation (Investopedia 2014). GDP (Gross domestic product) which is ‘the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced with a country’s boarders in a specific time period’ (annually) (Investopedia 2014) GDP is used when comparing economic growth between countries as these take into account population differences between countries’ (Investopedia 2014). Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a country, state or city. The formulae for population growth is (BirthShow MoreRelatedThe Growth Model And Economic Growth1072 Words   |  5 PagesEndogenous growth model, it clarifies long-run economic growth as radiating from economic activities that make new technological knowledge. Endogenous growth can be explained as long-run economic growth at a rate dictated by factors that are internal to the economic framework, especially those factors administering the opportunities and motivators to create technological knowl-edge. Over the long run, the pace of economic growth, as determined by the output per individual growth rate, reliesRead MoreThe Model Of Economic Growth1346 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Solow Model of economic growth, which assumes the neoclassic production function of decreasing returns to capital. Solow proposed the model while considers the rate of saving and population growth as exogenous and demonstrated that the countries reach the steady state level of income per capita. However, the classical Solow model is not able to explain cross-country variation in the standard of living. The Solow model predicts the effect of saving and population growth on economic growth qualitativelyRead MoreThe Economic Model Growth Of Energy1057 Words   |  5 PagesEnergy is one of the main drivers of economic and social development. Years ago, the only uncertainty was the price of oil. Now the concern is if the current economic model growth is reasonable in a world with limited energy resources. This has lead to more research in other forms of resources of energy. Now we have other unconventional resources such as wind, solar, geothermal, water, and so on. Energy demand is set to double by 2050 (Beckman, 2013). Therefore, greenhouse gases could double byRead MoreA Model Of Sustained Economic Growth1720 Words   |  7 Pagesintention is to develop a model where sustained economic growth is the product of the alternation of numerous agents and this literature will provide insights to reasons for variations in Gdp growth during the recessionary period(2008-2013) in Europe while investigating the optimising agents which had significant impact on Gdp growth rate. The Solow growth(1956) hypothesis looked for the determinants of sustainable economic development in per capita gross domestic product. The model recognized three principalRead MoreThe Theory Of Economic Growth Model2281 Words   |  10 Pagesnotice vast differences in average real incomes, countries’ growth recor ds and in standards of living over times that affect living human welfare. Many model mechanisms have been used to study the worldwide growth and income differences across countries. A fundamental model that economist have used to study these issues is the Solow growth model. This essay concentrates on the analysis of this model. Firstly, the derivation of the model will be demonstrated including the needed assumptions. ThenRead MoreThe Solow Swan Model : An Economic Model Of Long Run Economic Growth980 Words   |  4 PagesSolow-Swan model is an economic model of long-run economic growth in neoclassical economics. The model was developed by Robert Solow and Trevor Swan, independent of each other in 1956. This model is sometimes referred to as simply the Solow model, or the Neoclassical Growth model. The model focuses on four variables: output or GDP, capital, labor, and â€Å"knowledge†. The textbook Solow-Swan model is set in continuous time where there is no internation al or government trade. The Solow-Swan model is originallyRead MoreEconomic Growth and Standard Neoclassical Model Essay812 Words   |  4 Pagescross sectional data on growth across countries shows that countries grow at different rates. Many theories try to explain this phenomenon with emphasis with capital accumulation being one of them. I will start by developing the standard neoclassical growth model as developed by Solow(1956)[1]. I will then proceed to discuss the extensions that have been made to this basic model in an attempt to better understand actual growth figures, for e.g. the standard neoclassical model cannot explain the magnitudeRead MoreThe Model Of Economic Growth Based On Production Functions1339 Words   |  6 Pages2. The model of economic growth based on production functions (the Welfens/Jasinski model and its modifications). To show how FDI influence economic growth of a particular country a model proposed by P.Welfens and P.Jasinski is used. It is based on traditional production f unctions. In general the production functionsof Welfens and Jasinski describing the economic growth in the recipient country can bedefined by the following equation[61, p.254]: (1.9) where â€Å"Y† is an output (GDP or GNP); â€Å"K†Read MoreEconomic Growth Theories and Models, A section of a Research Paper1524 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature review Classical Theory of Economic Growth Harrod Domar Growth Model The Neoclassical growth Model Empirical literature 2.1 Theoretical Literature The long history of ideas on economic growth started from the classical economists like Adam Smith, Robert Malthus, Ricardo and Marx. For more than three decades the Neoclassical and the Endogenous Growth theories were arguing and forwarding economic reasons on trend of economic growth through investment as a general and private investmentRead MoreA Brief Note On The Growth Theory And The Dual Sector Model Of Economic Development Essay3646 Words   |  15 Pages ENDOGENOUS GROWTH THEORY BY MARTIN RIITHO MAINA KCA 14/02073 A Term Paper submitted to Prof. Joseph Ongeri in fulfilment Of the requirements for the course Advanced Macro-Economics, as credit towards the degree of Master of Science (Finance and Economics) KCA UNIVERSITY November, 2014 â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Abstract.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦..3 1.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........................................4 2.0 Literature review: Models†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Cyber Security Faced by the Businesses-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Challenges in Cybersecurity in Business. Answer: Introduction Cybersecurity is mainly the application of technology in order to secure the networks, computers, data and programs from attacks that are not authorized, also known as cyber-attacks. As this type of security mainly provides security for the computers, this is also known as IT security or computer security. Protection of information, software and hardware of a computer system from any kinds of damage, misuse or theft is mainly the work of cybersecurity. In todays world, one of the most common crimes is cyber-crime. There is a general thinking between people that securing the data and computers secure might prevent cyber-crimes, but there are other sources with which cyber-crimes are conducted, especially in workplaces. Keeping emails and browsers open and unattended for a long time is also an opportunity for the cyber criminals to hack all data. Just like this, there are a lot other factors which the employees of an organization are unaware of and due to these unintentional mistakes, huge problems are faced by the companies at times. Thus, there is a gradual increase in the use of cyber security in different business sectors. The information stored by a company is highly confidential and if it goes into the hand of any unauthorized personnel, the information can be misused. Thus, cyber security is extremely important. Different types of cyber challenges that are faced by the businesses and the possible remedies that can be applied to combat them are discussed in this research paper. Research Objective The main aim of this research is identify the challenges in cyber security faced by the businesses, understand the challenges and evaluate them. A lot of previous researches have been conducted on this topic and based on these researches the concept of cyber security in the business will be understood and discussed in this report. The most important aspects that are associated with cyber security has been attempted to be identified and evaluated in this research paper. The two most important questions that will be able to solve the problem that is the intention of this paper are given as follows. These questions are important to solve the challenges faced by cybersecurity in business. What are the factors that are important in influencing the cyber security systems in different businesses? What can be the possible approaches that can be used to prevent cyber attacks to the business organizations. Scope of the Research There are multiple dimensions in cyber challenges from the perspective of the different types businesses. This research will put a light towards these different aspects and dimensions. Different research work will provide a deeper understanding of the concept of cyber challenges and securities. The data for this research will be collected from various research papers, websites, books, etc. The literature review will provide a clear understanding of the different aspects of cyber challenges faced by different business sectors and might be able to provide satisfactory answers to the research questions that are related to this research on challenges faced with cyber security. Thus, the scope of this project is to understand the major risks related to cyber security and the methods with the help of which these risks and threats can be prevented. Literature Review Cybersecurity is mainly providing security to any personal computers or devices with internet access to protect data, software, hardware etc. According to Da Veiga (2016), Information technology has a huge scope. It has a lot of other functionalities other than securing information, software and personal data. The study also states different types of risks that influence the businesses of different organizations and are also related to cybersecurity (Raiyn 2014). Hence from here, cyber security can also be called as business security as it also protects business information. Cybersecurity provides protection to different business resources by transforming data securely to IT security which in turn is transformed to information security (Razzaq et al. 2013). From another study conducted by Von Solms (2015), it has been observed that in modern days, people are always online and this has been a platform of collecting, sharing and storing information of various different types of sectors. Thus, there is a wide use of this cyber civilization in the modern day (Farraj, Hammad and Kundur 2017). Transactions of banks, businesses, shopping and various other types of financial as well as non- financial activities are performed online, thus providing an opportunity to the cyber criminals to commit crimes (Herrera, Ron and Rabado 2017). Thus, cyber threats are also increasing each day and due to these problems, the businesses cannot access their necessities that freely and thus, the performances of the businesses are affected. Security is provided to these cyber crimes which is not sufficient (Zhang 2017). The cyber criminals are constantly looking for loopholes in the security and thus affect the business performances (Roychoudhury and Liu 2017). The webpages or websites must be perfectly designed. Any fault in the designs would provide an opportunity to the cyber criminals and thus can be considered as a loophole to the security (Chazan 2017). There are a lot of other forms of cyber attacks such as cyber terrorism, logic bombs, salami attack, service denial, cyber theft, high jacking over Wi-Fi, cyber trespassing, spam, cyber vandalism, stealing credit card information, piracy of softwares, etc. All these attacks play a very important role in affecting the performance of businesses and the business organizations as well (Schweer and Sahl 2017). With the help of cyber attacks, all the necessary and confidential business information can be accessed by any unauthorised personnel and can be misused. This is likely to affect the business of the firm both financially and non-financially (Gibbs 2017). When there are crimes, there must be remedies also to stop those crimes. Thus, a lot of methods have been adopted by the companies to prevent these attacks (Kreps and Das, 2017). The systems of detecting and preventing intrusions, vulnerability scanners can be effective methods to prevent cyber crimes. There are a lot of existing vulnerability scanners such as wapiti wapiti, acunetix WVS, Gamascan's web application scanner and websecurif (Biancotti 2017). The firewall that is used in web applications is also responsible for protection of data from cyber attacks. The most widely used secured firewall are imperva's secure sphere, breach security web defend, Barracuda and Mod security network application gateways. By modifying the syntactic representation of the signature, the cyberspace can be attacked by a hacker (Hu et al. 2017). Nowadays, use of cyberspace is extremely important for the businesses to flourish and important information is also shared through the web. The challenges faced for cybersecurity has a negative impact on the efficiency, productivity and security of the business organizations (Fu et al. 2017). Thus, certain modifications have to be made to the existing methods of cybersecurity. Most of the securities implemented presently are based on signatures which is easily accessible by the hackers. A semantic solution is required to be implemented to the existing solutions (Sturm et al. 2017). With the help of this, the problem can be solved by evaluating the degree of harm that can be done to the organization. The challenges faced by cybersecurity can result as a matter of national security as cybersecurity is the centre of securities that are provided to the computer networks and information (Musleh et al. 2017). There is significant increase in the cyber attacks each day and this is affecting the business organizations to a huge extent. If the reasons or the loopholes of the security can be identified, then people can be more aware and conscious about why the threats are received and hence can stop themselves from making those mistakes (Turgeman et al. 2017). This will help the business organizations in protecting information that are confidential to the organizations from going into the wrong hands. Research Questions From the discussed literature, the following research questions can be framed: Does cyber security affect different types of businesses? Null Hypothesis (H01): Business organizations are not affected with and without cyber security Alternate Hypothesis (HA1): Business organizations are significantly affected with cyber security. Are there any characteristics that affect cybersecurity system on different businesses? Null Hypothesis (H02): There are no characteristics that affect cybersecurity system on different businesses Alternate Hypothesis (HA2): There are significant characteristics that affect cybersecurity system on different businesses Research Methodology Research Design The objectives of this research are studied using qualitative as well as quantitative approach of research. A descriptive approach will be pursued in this research to obtain significant results. Analysis of the problems faced by different institutions regarding the issue of cyber security will be undertaken for the purpose of the research. The information obtained from the companies will be considered as data which are reliable and thus the results obtained will be appropriate. Sampling To obtain a valid result, it is important to apply sampling techniques. There are a lot of companies that are using cyber security measures. It is not possible to obtain necessary information from each of the organizations and study that. Thus, sampling plays an important part. Thus, information about cybersecurity and the challenges faced by the companies on this issue will be studied over 20 selected companies from Australia. A review of the selected companies will be conducted and analysis will be done on the basis of the reviews. The main focus of the research will be on the challenges faced by these companies with cybersecurity. Data Collection Process Secondary data has been collected for this study, to run the analysis and obtain significant results. Sampling has been conducted as it is not possible to study each and every company and analyse their challenges. Thus, the sampling technique used for this research is snowball sampling. For this type of sampling technique, extensive and in-depth research has been conducted so that the results obtained from the research will be reliable and valid. Reliability and Validity It is important to collect the information from a reliable or trustworthy source. Otherwise the data collected will not provide an appropriate result. Moreover, to obtain appropriate results, it is very important that the data collected is valid. Thus, it is important to check the reliability and validity of the information. For that, the data must be obtained from a reliable source. Time Schedule Task Details Start date End date Days involved Selection of topic and search for justification 7/30/2017 8/30/2017 31 Constructing literature 8/31/2017 9/30/2017 30 Selecting appropriate methods 10/1/2017 10/17/2017 16 Data collection 10/18/2017 11/2/2017 15 Data analysis and representation 11/3/2017 12/3/2017 30 Reviewing the outcomes 12/4/2017 3/5/2018 91 Conclusions and recommendations 3/6/2018 4/6/2018 31 Submitting draft of the project 4/7/2018 4/14/2018 7 Printing and final submission 4/15/2018 5/15/2018 30 Limitations of the Research In this research, the sample size of considered companies taken is 20, which is a considerably small number. Thus, this number of sample must not be sufficient to conclude about all the challenges faced by all the companies as there are a considerably large number of companies all around. Lakhs of organizations are nowadays facing the cyber security challenges and 20 companies might not be sufficient in inferring for all the companies. Moreover, to make a further clearer understanding, a primary research study can be conducted by preparing a questionnaire and asking the employees from different organizations about the challenges faced by their organizations in different company sectors. This will provide a much clearer understanding of the topic. Conclusion One of the major issues faced by the different business organizations is cyber security. Presently, all the business organizations are highly dependent on the internet for increasing the productivity of the company as well as the efficiency of the different activities of the businesses. The business organizations are affected both financially and non-financially with cyber attacks. Important and confidential information about the companies can be hacked buy the cyber attackers and this will in turn affect the efficiency and performances of different businesses. Thus, it is important for the organizations to identify the challenges and remedy them to prevent the information from going into the hands of the unauthorized personnel. The existing security methods needs some modification. Thus, it is the most important work for the business organizations to identify the challenges and find a better method of protection of data for the business. References Biancotti, C., 2017. Cyber attacks: preliminary evidence from the Bank of Italy's business surveys. Chazan, D., 2017. France Blocks 24,000 Cyber Attacks Amid Fears that Russia May Try to Influence French Presidential Election.The Telegraph,8. Da Veiga, A., 2016, July. A cybersecurity culture research philosophy and approach to develop a valid and reliable measuring instrument. InSAI Computing Conference (SAI), 2016(pp. 1006-1015). IEEE. Farraj, A., Hammad, E. and Kundur, D., 2017, April. Impact of Cyber Attacks on Data Integrity in Transient Stability Control. InProceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Cyber-Physical Security and Resilience in Smart Grids(pp. 29-34). ACM. Fu, R., Huang, X., Sun, J., Zhou, Z., Chen, D. and Wu, Y., 2017. Stability Analysis of the Cyber Physical Microgrid System under the Intermittent DoS Attacks.Energies,10(5), p.680. Gibbs, S., 2017. Ebay urges users to reset passwords after cyber attacks. Herrera, A.V., Ron, M. and Rabado, C., 2017, June. National cyber-security policies oriented to BYOD (bring your own device): Systematic review. In Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 2017 12th Iberian Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE Hu, X., Xu, M., Xu, S. and Zhao, P., 2017. Multiple cyber attacks against a target with observation errors and dependent outcomes: Characterization and optimization.Reliability Engineering System Safety,159, pp.119-133. Kreps, S.E. and Das, D., 2017. Warring from the Virtual to the Real: Assessing the Public's Threshold for War on Cyber Security. Musleh, A.S., Khalid, H.M., Muyeen, S.M. and Al-Durra, A., 2017. A Prediction Algorithm to Enhance Grid Resilience Toward Cyber Attacks in WAMCS Applications.IEEE Systems Journal. Raiyn, J., 2014. A survey of cyber attack detection strategies. International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 8(1), pp.247-256 Razzaq, A., Hur, A., Ahmad, H.F. and Masood, M., 2013, March. Cyber security: Threats, reasons, challenges, methodologies and state of the art solutions for industrial applications. In Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS), 2013 IEEE Eleventh International Symposium on (pp. 1-6). IEEE Roychoudhury, A. and Liu, Y. eds., 2017. A Systems Approach to Cyber Security: Proceedings of the 2nd Singapore Cyber-Security RD Conference (SG-CRC 2017) (Vol. 15). IOS Press Schweer, D. and Sahl, J.C., 2017. The Digital Transformation of IndustryThe Benefit for Germany. InThe Drivers of Digital Transformation(pp. 23-31). Springer International Publishing. Sturm, L.D., Williams, C.B., Camelio, J.A., White, J. and Parker, R., 2017. Cyber-physical vulnerabilities in additive manufacturing systems: A case study attack on the. STL file with human subjects.Journal of Manufacturing Systems,44, pp.154-164. Turgeman, A., Kedem, O. and Rivner, U., Biocatch Ltd., 2017.Method, device, and system of generating fraud-alerts for cyber-attacks. U.S. Patent 9,552,470. Von Solms, B. and Von Solms, R., 2015. From information security to business security?. Computers Security, 24(4), pp.271-273 Zhang, T., Wang, Y., Liang, X., Zhuang, Z. and Xu, W., 2017, May. Cyber attacks in cyber-physical power systems: A case study with GPRS-based SCADA systems. InControl And Decision Conference (CCDC), 2017 29th Chinese(pp. 6847-6852). IEEE.

Leadership management in the hospitality industry

Summarize and explain the principles of the ‘scientific management of work’ (Taylor) approach. Are scientific management principles applied of any value in the contemporary hospitality industry? Provide examples After studying how workers performed their duties, Taylor realized that managers relied heavily on efforts put forth by workers to ensure that production progressed. This strategy did not work because, the high expectations that managers placed on their workers were often miscalculated. Taylor’s observation led him to develop four principles of scientific management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership management in the hospitality industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first principle he proposed was that management should adopt work methods that are based on scientific study of work done by workers. The second principle was that management should select their workers us ing scientific means and train them on how to work. The third principle was that management should then empower the trained workers to ensure that scientifically acquired methods are being applied in carrying out their duties. And the last principle was that management should cooperate with workers in sharing work whereby managers ought to use scientific principles in management to come up with tasks to be performed by workers (Halsall, 1998, p. 1). Using these principles, Taylor aimed at minimizing wastes by methods that were efficient in performing a given job. By studying motion in a workplace management, Taylor was able to determine how much time different tasks consumed thereby helping in task management to ensure that there was efficiency. This approach also ensured that there was job specialization whereby each person knew very well what his/her tasks were (Smith, n.d, 3). Today’s managers see Taylor’s approach as one that ignored the social motives of workers; it therefore, has acquired a bad reputation. However, this approach brought about major changes in management. It helped managers know their roles and how they affected the output of their workers. This impact has lasted for years and can still be seen in the way managers organize work in many current organizations. Job automation and standardization all own their beginnings from Taylor’s scientific principles; in fact, it has become a common work practice in many of the contemporary work settings. It brought about job specialization that has been very effective in the hospitality industry. The MacDonald’s Brothers have put the scientific management technique into use with great success. Tasks are divided with different people taking different tasks and this was found to reduce the overall time for production process. This increased efficiency because customers could receive their orders without much delay (Management, 2010, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Is the understanding and management of diversity in hospitality organizations important? If so, then why? Critically discuss the relevance, or otherwise, of the work on ‘dimensions of cross-cultural differences’ by Geert Hofstede Understanding diversity in the hospitality industry helps management to ensure that primary differences within the workforce do not affect the way decisions are made. The fact that people have differences may not be changed, if the management use such differences to deny an individual a job opportunity, it will be taken as being discriminative, which is illegal and prosecutable in many countries. If management in the hospitality industry acknowledges that there are always some primary differences, then there will be creation of inclusivity which is very vital in managing diversity. Management that understands diversity will manage it well th ereby creating an environment where people value learning from others hence creating mutual respect and harmony among them (Leadership study, 2010, p. 12). When analyzing human culture, Hofstede stated that each culture encounters a series of questions whose answers can only be arrived at by applying a series of dimensions. He came up with five dimensions which may be unique to each society. The first dimension is individualism or collectivism; this is where people can see themselves as members of a group or just singly and on their own. He stressed that groups do not just happen, but they are natural such as the family or one’s clan, which individuals identify with not by choice, but as nature dictates. The second one was called the uncertainty avoidance; here is where people in some cultures prefer that everything in their life is spelled out to avoid being caught unawares. The third dimension is the power distance whereby hierarchy is inherent in human life with the rich a nd the poor clearly defined; however, some societies have wide gaps between both extremes (Milner et.al, 2009, p. 1). The fourth dimension is aggressiveness; here, the main issue is the gender gap whereby values held by women tend to be uniform across cultures. Women are usually gentle and always looking for consensus, values that are also shared by men in less aggressive cultures. Values for men are usually distinct; they are assertive, like competition, and always want to be ahead. The last dimension is the long term or short term orientation. Cultures with long term orientation value planning for the long term, thrift, and industriousness. Those with short term orientation live for the day; they are not concerned about the future. These dimensions are very important especially to those wishing to start business or study in new cultures. Although these dimensions have been criticized by those who feel that they are too static and weak, they still provide a proper framework for cro ss-cultural interaction (Jones, 2007, p. 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership management in the hospitality industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Halsall, P. (1998).  The Principles of Scientific Management. Web. Jones, L. (2007).  Hofstede – Culturally questionable? Web. Leadership study. (2010). Leadership and management. University of South Australia: Australia. Management. (2010).  Frederick Taylor and Scientific Management. Web. Milner et.al. (2007). Hofstede’s Research on Cross-Cultural Work-Related Values: Implications for Consumer Behavior. Web. Smith, F.  Ã‚  Frederick Taylor’s Principles of Scientific Management and the Multiple Frames for Viewing Work Organizations Offered by Bolman Deal, Carlson, and Pfeffer. Web. This essay on Leadership management in the hospitality industry was written and submitted by user Brendan Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.